Energy Communities: Why (Sometimes) the Commons Need the State

Energy community governance plays a key role in the global transition to more resilient and equitable energy systems. This chapter examines the practices of energy communities in electricity production and consumption through the theory of the commons, noting the intricate interplay between public and common, and highlighting the essential role of the state in ensuring their success. Energy communities stand at the forefront of decentralised energy production and the adoption of renewable resources. They make a significant contribution to energy security, reduce emissions, and stimulate local economies. However, their effectiveness hinges on a supportive regulatory framework and active state participation. Thus, the state has many roles to play, including policy formulation and legislation, regulatory oversight, financial support, and empowering citizens to build energy communities. Aligning the efforts of these communities with national energy goals can pave the way for a more inclusive and resilient energy future.