Development and validation of the scale to assess satisfaction with medications for addiction treatment – Buprenorphine-naloxone for heroin addiction (SASMAT-BUNHER)

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Background: Until now, no specific tool has been available to measure heroin-dependent patient satisfaction with buprenorphine-naloxone as a medication. The purpose of the present study was to develop the Scale to Assess Satisfaction with Medications for Addiction Treatment–Buprenorphine-Naloxone for Heroin addiction (SASMAT-BUNHER) and to examine its validity and reliability. Methods: The SASMAT-BUNHER was developed from a pool of 44 self-administered items grouped into nine theoretical domains, as follows: Overall Satisfaction, Pharmacotherapy, Initiation, Anti-Addictive Effect on Heroin, Mental State, Physical State, Personal Functioning, Acceptability, and Anti-Addictive Effect on Secondary Substances. The Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication 1.4 version (TSQM 1.4) was used for convergent validation. Participants were 316 heroin-dependent patients in maintenance treatment with buprenorphine-naloxone sublingual tablets at 16 different treatment centres. Results: Principal component analysis of the SASMAT-BUNHER revealed a 5-factor structure that accounted for 65.1% of total variance. Based on similarities between empirically-obtained factors and theoretical domains, Factors 1 through 5 were named ‘Mental and Physical State’ (10 items), ‘Anti-Addictive Effect on Other Substances’ (5 items), ‘Anti-Addictive Effect on Heroin’ (4 items), ‘Personal Functioning’ (3 items), and ‘Acceptability’ (4 items). All factors showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficients: 0.744–0.925) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients: 0.704–0.895). Correlation between SASMAT-BUNHER and TSQM 1.4 total scores was moderate (Pearson r = 0.552). Moreover, SASMAT-BUNHER total scores of patients reporting absence of buprenorphine-naloxone side effects were higher than those of their counterparts. Conclusion: These results support the validity and reliability of the SASMAT-BUNHER.