De Roma a Lima: La restitución a un estado anterior en el derecho indiano

The restitution to a previous state (in integrum restitutio) was born in Rome as an institution of procedural law that allows people unable to protect their rights with the restoration of the state or previous legal position. In medieval canon law this institution becomes something like a legal cancer that threatens to replace the law, that is, the uniform rules applied on a regular basis, for equity, that is, the arbitrariness of the competent judge. In the new world, this institution changes course and becomes the theoretical basis for the construction of the legal status of the Indians. This state can be described as a protected person (persona miserabilis) and is a middle term between the most radical alternative between the equalization of the Indians to the other subjects of the King or the deprivation of their rights.