Comparative assessment of microplastic ingestion among deep sea decapods : Distribution analysis in Sardinian and Catalan waters

Microplastic (MP) pollution is a widespread and concerning environmental issue. The benthic layer is known as one of the major accumulation sinks, yet knowledge gaps still remain in describing the interactions of its biota with MPs. This work represents a comprehensive comparative analysis of MP ingestion in the four deep-sea crustacean decapods Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816), Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1827), Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846) sampled from two distinct regions of the Mediterranean Sea in order to underscore the species-specific characteristics driving their MP ingestion variations. Results show that 72.5% of the individuals had ingested MPs, with fibers being the most common shape (91.36%), followed by tangles (8.64%). Catalan specimens had significantly higher fiber loads (mean; 3.69 fibers ind) than Sardinian ones (mean; 1.62 fibers ind), and distinct patterns among species were observed within the two regions. A. antennatus showed the highest MP load in the Catalan area whereas N. norvegicus was the most contaminated decapod in Sardinia. The observed variations are likely the result of a combination of factors, ranging from potentially different environmental exposure levels among regions to differences in the uptake and retention of MPs due to each species feeding ecology and morphological features. Overall, the results underscore the relevance of comprehensive assessments to properly interpret the trends in MP ingestion in crustacean decapods.