@article{39656a2c08fc4ee6ba222ab37b95f5a6,
title = "Combining fiber optic DTS, cross-hole ERT and time-lapse induction logging to characterize and monitor a coastal aquifer",
abstract = "The characterization of saline water intrusion (SWI) and its hydrodynamics is a key issue to understand submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and manage groundwater resources in coastal areas. To test and compare different methods of characterization and monitoring, a new experimental site has been constructed in a coastal alluvial aquifer north of Barcelona city (Catalonia, Spain). The site is located between 30 and 90 m from the seashore and comprises 16 shallow piezometers organized in nests of three with depths ranging between 15 and 25 m and 4 solitary piezometers. The objective of this paper is to combine different recently developed monitoring techniques to evaluate temporal variations in the aquifer hydrodynamics of the site at different spatial scales before and after the dry season of 2015. At the site scale, fibre optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS), for the first time applied to study SWI, and cross-hole electrical resistivity tomography (CHERT) has been applied. At the meter/borehole scale, electrical conductivity of the formation has been applied not only in a repeated manner (“time lapse”), but also for the first time at relatively high frequency (1 sample every 10 min). CHERT has provided a better characterization of the seawater intrusion than electrical conductivity data obtained from piezometers. The combination of techniques has allowed improving the understanding of the system by: 1) characterizing the extent and shape of SWI; 2) differentiating two different dynamics in the aquifer; and 3) identifying preferential flow paths over different time and spatial intervals. Future challenges and the application of these techniques in other areas are also discussed.",
keywords = "Alluvial aquifer, Cross hole electrical resistivity tomography, Fiber optic distributed temperature sensing, Formation electrical conductivity, Sea water intrusion, Submarine groundwater discharge",
author = "A. Folch and {del Val}, L. and L. Luquot and L. Mart{\'i}nez-P{\'e}rez and F. Bellmunt and {Le Lay}, H. and V. Rodellas and N. Ferrer and A. Palacios and S. Fern{\'a}ndez and Marazuela, {M. A.} and M. Diego-Feliu and M. Pool and T. Goyetche and J. Ledo and P. Pezard and O. Bour and P. Queralt and A. Marcuello and J. Garcia-Orellana and Saaltink, {M. W.} and E. V{\'a}zquez-Su{\~n}{\'e} and J. Carrera",
note = "Funding Information: This work was funded by the projects CGL2013-48869-C2-1-R/2-R and CGL2016-77122-C2-1-R/2-R of the Spanish Government. We would like to thank SIMMAR (Serveis Integrals de Manteniment del Maresme) and the Consell Comarcal del Maresme in the construction of the research site. The authors want to thank the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya to MERS ( 2018 SGR-1588 ). This work is contributing to the ICTA {\textquoteleft}Unit of Excellence{\textquoteright} (MinECo, MDM2015-0552). Part of the funding was provided by the French network of hydrogeological observatories H+ (hplus/ore/fr/en) and the ANR project EQUIPEX CRITEX (grant ANR-11-EQPX-0011 ). V Rodellas acknowledges financial support from the Beatriu de Pin{\'o}s postdoctoral program of the Generalitat de Catalunya ( 2017-BP-00334 ). M. Diego‐Feliu acknowledges the economic support from the FI‐2017 fellowships of the Generalitat de Catalunya autonomous government ( 2017FI_B_00365 ). This project also received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 722028. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier B.V. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125050",
language = "Ingl{\'e}s estadounidense",
volume = "588",
journal = "Journal of Hydrology",
issn = "0022-1694",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}