Circularity scoring system: A product specific application to lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles

The transition towards electric mobility has gained significant momentum in recent years, raising concerns on the environmental and social implications of lithium-ion batteries. Specifically, there are ongoing challenges related to the future supply of critical raw materials and the sustainable management of used batteries with remaining capacity. To address this, a 'Circularity Scoring System' is proposed. The method aims to evaluate specific aspects of the battery design and the manufacturer's support infrastructure that currently hamper the implementation of circular economy strategies. A comprehensive list of 25 evaluation criteria was initially compiled from existing standards on material efficiency. Then, 9 criteria were ultimately selected, weighted, and defined to evaluate a battery's potential to undergo three distinct pathways: repair and reuse, remanufacturing and repurpose, or recycling. Through this method, a final score is generated for each circular strategy, providing valuable insights for continually enhancing battery design and, subsequently, their sustainability