Causal inference between depolarizing response and microscopic atributtes of samples doped with nanospheres using Monte-Carlo simulation

Polarimetric measurements hold significant potential in biomedical imaging, particularly for revealing structural details and enabling early detection of certain pathologies via depolarizing characteristics. This study presents a polarization-based Monte Carlo simulation to model Mueller matrices of samples doped with spherical nanoparticles under varying conditions. This approach enables the establishment of a causal relationship between microscopic light-matter interactions and macroscopic depolarization metrics. Experimental validation on diverse samples measured with a complete polarimeter demonstrates adaptability for inferencing nanoscale materials attribution. The integration of causal inference advances the understanding of depolarization mechanisms, paving the way for precise sample analysis and biomedical applications.