Biologic therapy: Current and future applications in oncology

Nowadays, cancer is the first cause of death in the developed world, accounting for 94,000 yearly deaths in Spain. In recent years, advances in the field of molecular cancer biology and cancer therapy have identified a number of potential target molecules that play a critical role in the complex malignant cell transformation process. Since the approval of the first molecularly targeted drug imatinib in 2001, hundreds of novel agents are being investigated as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer of the breast, colon and rectum, lung, kidney, and head and neck, among others. Interestingly, molecularly targeted agents are becoming the new standard of care in some malignances such as renal-cell carcinoma and chronic myeloid leukemia. Future research on molecularly targeted therapies will focus on the identification of new drugs and drug targets, improved selection of tumors sensitive to these drugs, and the rational design and optimization of combination therapies.