An Optimized CSS-ISAC Signal Design for Localization with LEO Satellites

Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is expected to play a key role in developing many innovative applications. This is the case for localization systems when operating from low Earth orbit (LEO). For example, it has been studied that global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) need alternative waveform configurations when moving to LEO. These new waveforms must allow both sensing and communication functions for localization purposes. In this sense, a chirp spread spectrum (CSS) signal is shown in the literature to be a good option for LEO localization with reduced complexity with respect to current configurations. For this reason, in this paper, we propose an optimized CSS-ISAC signal design for LEO localization. The proposed signal design is shown with numerical results to provide a flexible way to optimize useful ISAC performance trade-offs with reduced signal processing complexity.