Almitrine fails to improve oxygenation during one-lung ventilation with sevoflurane anesthesia

Objective Almitrine enhances hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and can improve hypoxemia related to one-lung ventilation (OLV). Studies using almitrine have been conducted without inhaled anesthetics because they could inhibit HPV, counteracting the effect of almitrine. This hypothesis, however, has not been confirmed. This study's aim was to evaluate whether almitrine could improve oxygenation when administered during OLV with sevoflurane anesthesia. Design A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting A tertiary care, university teaching hospital. Participants Thirty adult patients undergoing open-chest thoracic surgery. Interventions Patients were assigned randomly to receive almitrine or placebo during OLV. Respiratory and hemodynamic variables were recorded continuously. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and remifentanil. Intraoperative techniques and medical teams were the same all over the study. Measurements and Main Results Respiratory and hemodynamic variables were measured during two-lung ventilation and during open-chest OLV. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the effects of almitrine and placebo. During OLV, PaO2 and shunt fraction worsened in all patients without significant differences between groups. At 30-minutes of OLV, PaO2 was 184±67 mmHg in the almitrine group and 145±56 mmHg in the placebo group, while shunt fraction were 31%±6% and 36%±13%, respectively. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was higher in the almitrine group (31±5 v 24±5 mmHg, p <0.001). Conclusions During anesthesia with sevoflurane for open-chest OLV, almitrine failed to improve oxygenation and increased pulmonary artery pressure. The combination of sevoflurane and almitrine should, therefore, be avoided. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.